All content in this area was uploaded by artur ekert on aug 15, 2014. Artur eckert contributed a new approach to quantum key distribution where the key is distributed using quantum teleportation. Quantum principle of relativity to cite this article. Basic concepts in quantum computation artur ekert, patrick hayden and hitoshi inamori centre for quantum computation, university of oxford, oxford ox1 3pu, united kingdom february 1, 2008 1 qubits, gates and networks consider the two binary strings, 011, 1 111. We describe results from an apparatus and protocol designed to implement quantum key distribution, by which two users, who share no secret information initially. Reports have hinted at radical implications for the practice of computing in general and information security in particular. We investigated several possible eavesdropper strategies, including pseudoquantumnondemolition. Artur konrad ekert frs born 19 september 1961 in wroclaw, poland is a britishpolish professor of quantum physics at the mathematical institute, university of oxford, professorial fellow in quantum physics and cryptography at merton college, oxford, lee kong chian centennial professor at the national university of singapore and director of the centre for quantum technologies cqt. The present thesis covers several topics on quantum cryptography, such as the security analysis of quantum channels for key distribution protocols and the study of quantum cloning. The advantage of quantum cryptography lies in the fact that it allows the completion. My research extends over most aspects of information processing in quantum mechanical systems.
Cqt is directed by artur ekert, coinventor of quantum cryptography. Artur ekert mathematical institute university of oxford. The network security and the cryptography are the two major properties in. From quantum computer doomsdays destroying all uses of modern cryptography and introducing a dark age that reverts the internet to the wild west it was in its early days where no one may shop in safety without owning a quantum computer to quantum. Quantum cryptography is a method for accessing data with the cryptosystem more efficiently. Unifying classical and quantum key distillation matthias christandl 1, artur ekert,2, micha l horodecki3, pawel horodecki4, jonathan oppenheim 1, and renato renner 1 centre for quantum computation, university of cambridge, united kingdom m. His invention of entanglementbased quantum cryptography in 1991 triggered an explosion of research efforts worldwide and continues to inspire new research directions. Artur ekert works on information processing in quantummechanical systems.
The present thesis covers several topics on quantum cryptog. Research at the centre is led by 21 principal investigators. Pdf new model of ekert protocol in quantum key distribution. Quantum cryptography nitp 2003 11 ekert s qkd protocol 1991. A little bit of quantum physics landed in homes across singapore this weekend thanks to a profile of cqts director artur ekert in singapores today newspaper. Cqt was established in december 2007 as singapores inaugural research centre of excellence. The opinions expressed in this document are those of the. Quantum privacy amplification and the security of quantum cryptography over noisy channels d deutsch, a ekert, r jozsa, c macchiavello, s popescu. Townsend, who helped me put this bibliography together by supplying corrections, updates and additions to previous versions. It is too much to expect that a multiauthor book would present a coherent vision of a subject as young as this.
In 1990, artur ekert, also initially unaware of the earlier work, began developing a different. Artur ekerts research extends over most aspects of information processing in quantummechanical systems, with a focus on quantum cryptography and quantum computation. Summary of the theory component of quantum key distribution. Of some interest is how entanglement can be applied to the field of quantum cryptography, particularly quantum key distribution. Quantum cryptography is a new method for secret communications offering.
The network security and the cryptography are the two major properties in securing the data in the. For an excellent summary of progress in the theory and practice of quantum cryptography, see ref. Artur ekert is one of the pioneers of quantum information science. Quantum key distribution qkd is a technique that allows for secure distribution of keys. The ekert protocol nikolina ilic department of physics, university of waterloo, waterloo, on, canada n2l 3g1 a brief history of quantum cryptography needed in order to understand the 1991 ekert protocol is discussed. He is best known as the inventor of entanglement based quantum cryptography but he has also made many important contributions to the theory of quantum computation and other branches of quantum physics. Quantum cryptography pioneer artur ekert recognised nus news. Ekert suggested a different approach for quantum key distribu. Smolin, experimental quantum cryptography, journal of cryptology, 5, 328 1992 i charles h.
To network quantum computers we need a quantum internet qubits are the lingua franca of quantum processors unknown. Artur ekert presented an equivalent protocol alice and bob share bell states for each pair, they both measure randomly in the or bases they compare which bases they measured in if they agree, they have correlated random numbers bell states. Debenedictis sandia national laboratories quantum cryptography is an emerging technology for completely secure communications. Sir arthur conan doyles the adventure of the dancing men. Quantum cryptography is the science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties to perform cryptographic tasks. Quantum computing and cryptography entrust datacard. He is best known as the inventor of entanglement based quantum cryptography. The effects that quantum technology will have on technology leads to a lot of interesting articles. The presence of an eavesdropper is continually checked by measuring bells inequalities. A generic security proof for quantum key distribution. In particular, the einsteinpodolskyrosen thought experiment and its relation to the ekert protocol is described. Artur konrad ekert frs born 19 september 1961 in wroclaw, poland is a britishpolish professor of quantum physics at the mathematical institute, university of oxford, professorial fellow in quantum physics and cryptography at merton college, oxford, lee kong chian centennial professor at the national university of singapore and director of the centre for quantum. If you notice any publications incorrectly attributed to this author, please sign in and mark matches as correct or incorrect. This section describes his protocol and its application to the protocols based on hup described in.
First, we introduce a general formalism to characterize the cryptographic. One reason why it has attracted attention from industry and government agencies is that quantum cryptography can guarantee perfectly secure communication. Quantum cryptography nitp 2003 11 ekerts qkd protocol 1991. Quantum cryptography based on bells theorem cryptography and. My research extends over most aspects of information processing in quantummechanical systems. Their impact on cryptographic practice 1 solving the impossible recent years have seen significant advances in both quantum computing and quantum cryptography. The best of these multiauthor works so far is the physics of quantum information edited by dik bouwmeester, artur ekert and anton zeilinger and published by springerverlag. The bestknown and developed application of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution qkd, which is the process of using quantum communication to establish a shared key between two parties alice and bob, for example without a third party eve learning anything about that key, even if eve can eavesdrop on all communication between alice and bob. Entanglement and quantum cryptography joonwoo bae barcelona, january, 2007. Matthias christandl, renato renner, artur ekert download pdf. The proposed scheme is based on the wellknown bohms version of the einsteinpodolskyrosen gedankenexperiment 1,2. The physics of quantum information quantum cryptography. Quantum cryptography, or quantum key distribution qkd, uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication.
Artur ekert the ultimate physical limits of privacy. He is best known as one of the inventors of quantum cryptography. The 4 february article, titled thinker, diver, pilot, codebreaker, presents arturs work living in the world of atoms, his interests in life outside of science and his expectation for research success in singapore. Quantum key distribution qkd is a technique that allows for secure distribution of keys to be used for encrypting and decrypting messages. Another purely theoretical basis involves epr entangled pairs. In addition, since quantum cryptography does not depend on. The following year bennett, brassard, and mermin criticized ekerts letter, arguing that the violation of bells inequality is not necessary for the security of quantum cryptography and emphasizing the close connection between the ekert and the bb84 schemes. Pdf quantum cryptography is anew branch of physics and cryptography which exploit quantum mechanical phenomena to guarantee the secrecy of. Quantum cryptography and bells theorem springerlink. Your dog gets allergies for the same reasons you do.
If, given these classical and quantum algorithms, we do not want to trust the security of these \algebraic\group theoretic cryptosystems, we are left in the rather uncomfortable situation where all the edi ces of publickey cryptography have only one foundation that is fairly well studied, namely the di culty of latticecoding problems. Artur ekert works on information processing in quantum mechanical systems. Ekert merton college and physics department, oxford university, oxford oxi 3pu, united kingdom received 18 april 1991 practical application of the generalized bell s theorem in the socalled key distribution process in cryptography is reported. Merton college and physics department, oxford university, oxford oxi 3pu, united kingdom. Thus scientists working in the field and advanced students will find it to be a rich source of information on this exciting new area. Quantum key distribution qkd is a secure communication method which implements a cryptographic protocol involving components of quantum mechanics. Pdf quantum cryptography for the future internet and the. Professor artur ekert, director of the centre for quantum technologies cqt at nus and a pioneer of quantum cryptography, was one of six winners of the micius quantum prize 2019 for his invention of entanglementbased quantum key distribution, entanglement swapping and entanglement purification the prize is administered by the micius quantum foundation, a recently established entity in. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. Component of quantum key distribution and quantum cryptography a quantum information science and technology roadmap part 2. Quantum physics, quantum computation and cryptography. Sep 16, 2011 with its promise of security rooted in the laws of physics, quantum cryptography has seen tremendous growth as a worldwide research activity and the emergence of startup commercial ventures since its invention 27 years ago.
A bibliography of quantum cryptography, d p g this manuscript. The nearperfect correlations of the photons allow the sharing of a secret key between two parties. Another is that projected quantum computers will be capable of efficiently solving some problems including factorisation, which has a bearing on cryptanalysis for which there is believed to. Due to the high cost of implementation and the adequacy of current cryptological methods, it is unlikely that quantum cryptography will be in widespread use for several years. The basic model for qkd protocols involves two parties, referred to as alice and bob, wishing to exchange a key both with access to a classical public communication channel and a quantum communication channel. A variant of quantum key distribution using entanglement was proposed by artur ekert in 1991 2.
Artur ekert is a professor of quantum physics at the mathematical institute, university of oxford, and a lee. Quantum cryptography, quantum teleportation, quantum computation. Universality in quantum computation david deutsch, adriano barenco, and artur ekert clarendon laboratory, department of physics university of oxford, oxford, ox1 3pu, uk february 1, 2008 abstract we show that in quantum computation almost every gate that operates on two or more bits is a universal gate. A brief history of quantum cryptography needed in order to understand the 1991 ekert. Ekerts proposal to use quantum nonlocality for cryptographic purposes 33. Written in a consistent style, the book introduces quantum cryptography, quantum teleportation, and quantum computation, considering both theory and the latest experiments. There are also some important negative results, most notably that informationtheoretically secure bit commitment is impossible even in the quantum world.
Quantum cryptography the ultimate physical limits of privacy. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the bestknown. In 1984 they published the first quantum cryptography protocol now known as bb84. From quantum computer doomsdays destroying all uses of modern cryptography and introducing a dark age that reverts the internet to the wild west it was in its early days where no one may shop in safety without owning a quantum computer to quantum cryptography being the. I will show how quantum mechanics protects the socalled key distribution process in cryptography. The golden age started in earnest when ekert organized the first international workshop on quantum cryptography in broadway, england, in. Quantum cryptography based on bells theorem artur k.
It is a crossdisciplinary field bringing together theoretical and experimental quantum physics, computer science and information theory. Quantum cryptography is one of the most important quantum information applications. It enables two parties to produce a shared random bit string known only to them, which can be used as a key to encrypt and decrypt messages an important and unique property of quantum cryptography is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the. Quantum cryptography solves the problems of secretkey cryptography by providing a way for two users who are in different locations to securely establish a secret key and to detect if eavesdropping has occurred. With its promise of security rooted in the laws of physics, quantum cryptography has seen tremendous growth as a worldwide research activity and the emergence of startup commercial ventures since its invention 27 years ago. Festschrift in honor of berge englert on his 60th birthday page 199202 1 january 2015 research interests. This criticism quantum cryptography might be missing an important point.